Garden CIities of To-morrow, by Ebenezer Howard
Garden CIities of To-morrow, by Ebenezer Howard
Garden CIities of To-morrow, by Ebenezer Howard
Garden CIities of To-morrow, by Ebenezer Howard
The Art and Craft Movements
One of the most influential of modern art movements, the Arts and Crafts Movement was established in Britain about 1862 by the artist and medievalist William Morris (1834-96), in response to the negative social and aesthetic consequences of the Industrial Revolution.
The quintessential Arts-and-Crafts structure is the stout, boxy, one- or two-story single-family dwelling with a prominent porch and a hipped roof with wide overhanging eaves supported by thick beams.
In both the United Kingdom and the United States, the Arts & Crafts aesthetic was incorporated into a variety of stylistic preferences, the most prominent of which were Queen Anne, Eastlake, Tudor Revival, Stick Style, Spanish Colonial Revival, and Gothic Revival. In the United Kingdom, the Garden City Movement and company towns such as Port Sunlight frequently incorporated such "hybrid" Arts & Crafts styles into their housing designs.
Art and craft movement inspiration in
Port Sunlight
Port Sunlight is the UK's finest Arts and Crafts building.
The Arts and Crafts movement emphasised visual and tactile qualities of art, as well as traditional craft skills. Local materials and craftsmen built homes influenced by Morris' ideas, including half-timbering, carved woodwork, pargetting, and leaded glazing. The residence had front and back gardens, allowing employees to enjoy the outdoors, and bright and modern interiors. Port Sunlight's architecture is heavily influenced by these trends.
Park Road Cottages (1846-1910) by William Owen
The cottages are crowned with finials and have bargeboards. The upper storey is half timbered and jettied, with mullioned windows, while the lower storey is constructed of red bricks.
Windy Bank road and Brook street (1907) by Garyson and Ould
The semi-detached houses had tile-hanging, pebbledash on the lower level and chimneystacks, with timbered gables. Windy Bank's row of houses1907 building with stepped gables and a turret.
Church Drive (1907) by Garyson and Ould
Some houses have brick banding and a dramatic rounded pediment with a cartouche containing the initial "L" for Lever, as well as pargetted swags and ribbons framing the sash windows. 6-13 Church Drive is a more unassuming block with a variety of gable styles, including tile-hung gable styles. The upper storey is faced with pebbledash, while the lower storey is faced with a more subdued brick.
Lower Road (1901) by Garyson and Ould
The block features a roughcast façade with a tall chimneystack, two gabled dormers of various sizes and heights, two bays with double rectangular bay windows, and tiled roofing with varying depths